Manuscript Preparation

Title

The title should consist of 10–15 words and clearly highlight the main research finding or scientific contribution, rather than merely describing the research method, location, or variables studied. Avoid generic titles such as "The Relationship Between...", "The Effect of...", "Factors Associated with...", or titles emphasizing the study location unless the location itself represents a unique scientific contribution.

 

Abstract

The abstract should be written in English and Indonesian, with a maximum of 200 words, and structured into:

Background: Provide a brief description (1–2 sentences) of the research problem, its significance, the identified research gap or novelty, and the study objective.

Methods: Briefly describe the study design, setting, participants, sampling technique, intervention (if applicable), measurement instruments, statistical analysis, and ethical approval.

Results: Present only the principal findings, including important statistical values when appropriate (e.g., mean, median, standard deviation, p-value, confidence interval, effect size, odds ratio, relative risk). Clearly indicate the magnitude and direction of the findings without detailed interpretation.

Conclusion: State the primary conclusion that directly answers the research objective and briefly mention its implications or recommendations. Do not repeat the numerical results.

Keywords: Provide 3–6 keywords or phrases using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) whenever applicable.

 

Main Text

Introduction

The Introduction should be organized into four logical components:

Background: Begin with a concise overview of the research problem and its public health or scientific importance (approximately one paragraph).

State of the art: Summarize previous relevant studies, primarily from peer-reviewed journals published within the last 10 years, to demonstrate the current state of knowledge.

research gap and novelty: Clearly identify the limitations or unanswered questions in previous studies and explicitly explain the novelty or scientific contribution of the present study.

Objective: Conclude the introduction with a clear and concise statement of the research objective. Avoid expressions such as "the researcher intends...", "this study attempts...", or "the researcher hopes...". State the objective directly (e.g., "This study aimed to...").

 

Method

Describe the research design, study setting, study period, population, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size calculation, sampling technique, interventions (if applicable), instruments, data collection procedures, statistical analysis, and software used.

Clinical trials should specify whether the trial is randomized, blinded, controlled, or open-label and explain participant safety procedures.

All studies involving human participants must include:

  • Ethical approval number and issuing ethics committee.
  • Statement regarding informed consent.
  • Clinical trial registration number (if applicable).

Authors are encouraged to follow internationally recognized reporting guidelines appropriate for their study design (e.g., CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA, CARE, COREQ, SRQR, TREND, or SQUIRE).

 

Results

Present only the study findings without interpretation.

The Results section should include:

  • Characteristics of participants.
  • Participant flow or response rate (when applicable).
  • Primary and secondary outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis results.

Results should be presented using either tables or figures, avoiding duplication of the same information in both formats.

Each table or figure must first be referred to in the text before it appears.

Do not present raw data unless scientifically justified.

Table and picture/graph
Table

  • Number tables consecutively using Arabic numerals.
  • Provide concise titles above each table.
  • Avoid vertical lines.
  • Explain abbreviations in table footnotes.
  • Do not present tables as images.
  • Do not cite "Primary Data" or "Author's Data" for tables generated by the current study.

Figures
Figures should be clear, high-resolution, and readable.

The figure title should appear below the figure.

Graphs should contain clearly labeled axes, units of measurement, and appropriate scales.

All figures must be cited in the text using their number (e.g., Figure 1), not by location such as "the figure below."

Disscusion

The Discussion should interpret the findings rather than repeat the results.

The discussion is recommended to follow the following sequence:

Principal findings: State the main findings and explain whether they answer the research objective.

Interpretation: Explain why the findings occurred by relating them to relevant theories or scientific concepts.

Comparison with previous studies: Compare the findings with previous research and explain whether they are consistent or inconsistent, including possible reasons for any differences.

Scientific and practical implications: Describe the contribution of the findings to scientific knowledge, clinical practice, public health, or policy.

Strengths and limitations: Discuss the strengths and limitations of the study and suggest directions for future research.


Conclusion

The conclusion should be concise, directly answer the research objective, and emphasize the principal scientific contribution. Do not restate the study objective or repeat detailed results. Recommendations or practical implications may be included if appropriate.

Conflict of interest (conflict of interest)
Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest that could influence the study.

A word of thanks (acknowledgement)
Acknowledge individuals, institutions, or organizations that contributed to the study but do not meet authorship criteria.

Source of funding (funding sources)
Clearly state all sources of funding, including grant numbers when applicable. If no funding was received, state: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Reference

Authors should use the Vancouver citation style with Mendeley or other reference management software. The reference list should meet the following criteria:

  • Minimum 15 references.
  • At least 80% should be primary sources (peer-reviewed journal articles).
  • References should predominantly be published within the last 10 years, especially those supporting the research gap and novelty.
  • Books should generally not exceed 20% of the total references.
  • References must be formatted consistently according to the Vancouver style.
  • Avoid citing article titles within the body text; use in-text citations only.