Kehidupan Sosioekonomi dan Strategi Bertahan Hidup Petani Bawang Merah di Desa Banyuanyar Tengah, Probolinggo dan Relevansinya dengan Pembelajaran IPS

Abstract

This study aims to describe the socio-economic conditions of shallot farmers in Banyuanyar Tengah Village, Banyuanyar District, Probolinggo Regency; identify the survival strategies employed by these farmers to address socio-economic challenges; and explain the relevance of these findings as a source for contextual learning within Social Studies (IPS) education. The study employs a qualitative, descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling method, consisting of shallot farmers and Social Studies teachers (as supporting informants). Data analysis followed the interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results indicate that shallot farming serves as a primary source of income for the community; however, the economic status of individual farmers varies based on factors such as land ownership, capital capacity, production costs, harvest yields, and selling prices. The social life of the farmers is characterized by *gotong royong* (mutual cooperation), kinship ties, information exchange, and collaboration through social networks and farmer groups. Uncertainties regarding prices, weather, production costs, and pest risks compel farmers to adopt various survival strategies, such as seeking supplementary employment, managing household expenditures, allocating income for both family needs and the subsequent planting season, and leveraging social networks. This phenomenon is highly relevant to Social Studies education—specifically regarding topics such as economic activities, social interaction, human-environment relationships, and community empowerment. The lives of these farmers can serve as a concrete example to bridge academic concepts with local realities.